Apes Miller Ch. 1 Questions

Miller Chapter 1 edition Questions 1. Three ways that human activities ar affecting the environment implicate our exponential extend in state and our imaging consumption, which mystify sporting the air, wet, soil, and species in the raw(a) systems that support our lives and economies. A third way is check the vex that other species have to resources. 2. The goals of environmental science ar to develop how nature works, how the environment affects us, how we affect the environment, and how we can live more sustainably without degrade our life-support system. 3.Environmentalism is a complaisant movement dedicated to protecting the hide outs life-support systems for us and other species, and is political in nature. Sustainability, in any case known as durability, is the ability of backgrounds various systems to move and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely. 4. The five steps towards sustainability argon taking into custody the components and impor tance of natural capital, recognizing that human activities degrade natural capital by using resources faster than they can be renewed, looking for workable solutions, do trade-offs or compromises, and recognizing that individuals matter.They must be supported by sound science, or the concepts and ideas that argon widely accepted by experts in a crabbed field of the natural or social sciences. 5. Natural capital is the natural resources and operate that keep us and other species alive and support our economies. It changes all over millions of years in response to environmental changes such(prenominal) as spheric warming and cooling and huge asteroids hitting the worldly concern. 6. Economic ontogenesis is an increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods and services.Its measured by GDP, the annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating in a country. It goes up with either a populatio n increase, more production and consumption, or both. Changes in this poseth ar measured by per capita GDP, or the GDP separate by the total population at midyear. Economic development is the advantage of human living standards by economic growth. The United Nations classifies this establish on a countrys degree of industrialization and their per capita GDP. 7. Developed countries are highly industrialized and have high median(a) per capita GDP.All other nations are developing countries, whether they are middle-income or low-income. Developing countries tend to have the superlative population increases, as well as the greatest disparities between the ample and the poor as far as income goes. 8. 82% of the worlds population comes from developing countries. 9. 1. 5% of the worlds population growth comes from developing countries, as compared to merely 0. 1% in real countries. 10. The see of 70 calculates how long it takes to double the worlds population or economic growth at various exponential grade of growth. The statute is 70/percentage growth rate = doubling time in years. 1. The tragedy of the commons is the degradation of renewable free-access resources. The term was coined in 1968 by biologist Garrett Hardin. Basically, the logic is that if I dont use it, someone else will anyway. On a large scale, this only leads to eat up and overconsumption. 12. One solution to the tragedy of the commons is to use free-access resources at rates well below their estimated sustainable yields by reducing population, regulating access to resources, or both. Another solution is to convert free-access resources to individual(a) ownership, so investments are protected. 3. Privatization doesnt always work if a private owner value increasing profit over protecting natural resources that they own. It is also half-baked for spherical common resources that cannot be divided up and converted to private property. 14. An ecological footprint is the amount of biologica lly productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and contaminant produced by such resource use. The countries with the largest ecological footprint are the United States, the European Union, China, India, and Japan. 5. To trip towards more sustainable consumption, China and India should lower meat consumption (specifically China), jell population growth (including increased access to birth control), and leaven and farm animal research into sustainable living. The United States, Japan, and the European Union should also promote and fund research into sustainable living, as well as with child(p) oil consumption by supporting alternative energy and promoting a less consumer-centric lifestyle to their citizens. 16. Point sources of pollutants are single, identifiable sources.An example is a smokestack of a coal-burning industrial plant. Non-point sources are larger, dispersed, and much difficult to account and therefore much harder a nd more expensive to control. An example is pesticides sprayed into the air or blown by the wind into the atmosphere. 17. Two basic approaches to dealing with defilement are pollution prevention (input pollution control), which reduces or eliminates the production of pollution, and pollution cleanup (output pollution control), which involves cleaning up or diluting pollutants after they have been produced. 18.Three problems with relying on pollution cleanup are that it is only a temporary bandage as long as population and consumption levels grow without corresponding improvements in pollution control technology, cleanup often removes a pollutant from one part of the environment only to cause pollution in another, and once pollutants have entered and been dispersed into the environment at libelous levels it normally costs too much or is impossible to reduce them to congenial levels. 19. Five basic causes of environmental problems are population growth, wasteful resource use, pover ty, poor environmental accounting, and environmental ignorance. 0. Poverty causes environmental problems because the poor often deplete forests, soils, grasslands, and wildlife for short-term survival since they dont have the lavishness of worrying nearly the long-term environment. They also have the close population growth. 21. Affluenza is the unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism exhibited in the lifestyles of many affluent consumers in developed countries and the rising middle class in certain developing countries. It is based on the assumption that buying more things brings happiness. 22.In the United States, the air is cleaner, most rivers and lakes are cleaner, and drinking water is purer. However, this is because the waste and pollution is transferred to more far locations. 23. The environmental impact (I) of a population on a attached area depends on three key factors the number of people (P), the average resource use per person or affluence (A), a nd the beneficial and harmful environmental effects of the technologies (T) used to provide and consume each social unit of a resource and control or prevent the resulting pollution and environmental degradation. 4. Three major cultural changes have impacted the environment. The agricultural mutation allowed people to settle in villages and raise crops and domesticated animals. The industrial-medical revolution take to a shift towards urban society using fossil fuels to industry material items, agriculture, and transportation. It also used science to improve sanitation and generalize and control disease. The information- ball-shapedization revolution is based on using new technologies for gaining speedy access to much more information on a global scale. 5. To shift to a sustainable economy, we must shift to a renewable energy-based and reuse/recycle economy with a diversified transport system. This requires restructuring the global economy to sustain civilization, a large lyin g-in to eradicate poverty, brace population, and restore hope, as well as a systematic effort to restore natural systems. 26. Your environmental worldview is a set of assumptions and values about how you think the world works and what your role in the world should be.Environmental morals is concerned with your beliefs about what is right and wrong with how we treat the environment. 27. There are three main types of environmental worldviews. Planetary management worldview holds that nature exists to pertain our needs and wants, and that we can use ingenuity and technology to manage the earths life-support systems with unlimited economic growth. Stewardship worldview holds that we can manage the earth for our benefit but we have an ethical responsibility to be care and responsible managers, or stewards, of the earth.Environmental wisdom worldview holds that we are part of and totally subject on nature and that nature exists for all species. It calls for encouraging earth-sustaini ng forms of economic growth. 28. cardinal basic components of Earths nature that we can mimic are reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient recycling. 29. Current strain needs to be shifted to how the individual matters, working together and communicating for social change, and finding trade-off solutions to environmental problems, in order to achieve sustainable emphasis.